New Quiz 03 Jan Welcome to your Echo - CVT- Noninvasive Name Email 1. [In a patient undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis, there was evidence of moderate MR on a preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram. After the AVR, the next step to be taken is:] Replace the mitral valve Leave the mitral valve alone Assess for MR with intraoperative TEE, and decide if repair or replacement is needed None of the above None . 2. [Axial resolution can be improved by which of the following manipulations?] Reduce beam diameter Beam focusing Reduce gain Increase transmit frequency None . 3. [The abnormality shown in this image could be associated with: (fig)] Accessory pathway Atrial septal defect Tricuspid regurgitation All of the above None Comment . 4. [The arrow indicates: (fig)] Pleural effusion Pericardial effusion Pericardial pad of fat Artifact None Comment . 5. [A 52-year-old patient with a 31mm St. Jude mitral valve has severe shortness of breath. Left ventricular function and aortic valve are normal. The disk motion of the prosthetic valve is normal. Analysis of transmitral flow with continuous wave Doppler revealed an E-wave velocity of 2.6 m/s, A-wave velocity of 0.6 m/s, E-wave pressure half-time of 40 ms, diastolic mean gradient of 6mmHg at a heart rate of 60/min, and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) of 30 ms. This patient is likely to have:] Mitral regurgitation Pannus growth into the prosthetic valve Prosthetic valve thrombosis Normal prosthetic valve function None . 6. [The type of surgical procedure performed on this patient’s mitral valve is likelyto be: (fig)] Mitral annuloplasty Alfieri procedure Replacement with a bioprosthetic valve Replacement with a mechanical valve None Comment . 7. [The structure indicated by the arrow is likely to be: (fig)] Aortic dissection Aortic transaction Right coronary artery Left coronary artery None Comment . 8. [The following myocardial velocities were obtained fromthe posterior wall by color Doppler tissue imaging: peak systolic epicardial velocity 2 cm/s, peak systolic endocardial velocity 16 cm/s, systolic LV wall thickness 1.4 cm, early diastolic epicardial velocity 3 cm/s, endocardial velocity 18 cm/s, and diastolic wall thickness 1 cm. The systolic transmural velocity gradient in this patient is:] 10/s 14 cm/s 19.6 cm/s 19.6/s None . 9. [A patient with a mechanical prosthetic mitral valve has gastrointestinal bleeding and the following measurements were obtained: diastolic mean gradient 11mmHg, peak gradient 16mmHg, pressure half-time 65 ms, heart rate 114/min. This increased gradient is likely to be:] Likely normal Likely abnormal Cannot comment None . 10. [This is a still-frame image of a subcostal view. The image shows: (fig)] Myxoma Lipoma Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum Thrombus attached to the interatrial septum None Comment . 11. [Which of the following will increase the PRF?] Reducing depth Decreasing transducer frequency Reducing sector angle Reducing filter None . 12. [This TEE image is indicative of: (fig)] Left atrial myxoma Right atrial myxoma Lipomatous atrial septum Vegetation of the tricuspid valve None Comment . 13. [The factor least likely to diminish mitral A-wave amplitude is:] Recent cardioversion Myopathic left atrium An acute rise in LV end diastolic pressure Severe aortic stenosis with mild LV hypertrophy and normal LV ejection None . 14. [This subcostal view shows part of the liver. This patient has a history of episodesof flushing and diarrhe The likely diagnosis is: (fig)] Amebic liver abscess Right atrial myxoma Carcinoid syndrome Renal cell carcinoma None Comment . 15. [A 20-year-old patient with a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) underwent PA banding in childhood and was lost to follow-up.Arecent echocardiogram revealed the following: peak systolic velocity across the VSD 3 m/s, TR velocity 5 m/s, estimated RA pressure 10mmHg, cuff blood pressure in the right arm 146/70mmHg, peak flow velocity across the pulmonary band 4.7 m/s. The following statement is true:] This patient has normal PA pressure The patient has severe pulmonary hypertension The patient has features of left ventricular (LV) failure PA pressure cannot be determined None . 16. [In a person with chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation (MR) due to old inferior myocardial infarction (MI) and an ejection fraction of 50%, the location of the MR jet would be:] Medial commissure Lateral commissure Central None . 17. [This patient is likely to have: (fig)] Normal pulmonary artery (PA) flow Pulmonary hypertension approaching systemic pressure Nonsignificant amount of flow from RV to PA None of the above None Comment . 18. [This image shows: (fig)] Normal flow in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) Subvalvular aortic stenosis (AS) Aortic regurgitation None of the above None Comment . 19. [A 53-year-old patient is undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). At 20 μg dose, the blood pressure drops from 140/80mmHg to 80/50mmHg associated with severe nausea, and the heart rate dropped from 110/min to 60/min. The most likely cause of this response is:] Left ventricular cavity obliteration causing a vagal response Severe ischemic response due to multivessel CAD 2:1 A–V block produced by ischemia in right coronary artery territory None of the above None . 20. [Volumetric flow rate decreases with an increase in:] Pressure difference Vessel radius Vessel length Blood viscosity Vessel length and blood viscosity None . Time's upTime is Up!
RESP III 22 Oct Welcome to your OTPT Name Email [A swan neck deformity refers to] hyperextension of middle joint and flexion of the distal finger flexion of both IP joints with hyperextension of the MP joint flexion of the middle joint and hyperextension of the distal finger joint hyperextension of MP and both finger joints. None . [What is the advantage of a split keel foot over a solid keel foot?] stability on level surfaces stability on uneven terrain better energy return adaptable to more types of shoes None . [The transfemoral amputee should lead with the ____ foot when going sideways down a steep incline.] Prosthetic Sound Either Neither- inclines aren’t safe None . [What abnormal motion of the calf band will occur if the mechanical ankle joint of an AFO is located too proximal in relation to the anatomical ankle joint?] Calf band migrates proximally with plantarflexion and distally with dorsiflexion Calf band migrates proximally with plantarflexion and dorsiflexion Calf band migrates distally with plantarflexion and proximally with dorsiflexion Calf band migrates distally with plantarflexion and distally with dorsiflexion None . [Which of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments differentiates whether an amputee does or does not have protective sensation?] 1 g 10 g 100 g 1000 g None . [The muscle length-tension relationship describes:] The concept that strength of a muscle changes depending on the affected joint’s position through its arc of motion The concept that a contracted muscle is inherently a strong muscle The concept that the farther a force is placed from a fulcrum point, the stronger the force on the fulcrum will be The concept that the strength of a muscle can be measured in direct relation to the cross sectional area of the muscle None . [Diabetics with partial foot amputations have a lower risk of plantar ulcers after amputation than before amputation] True False None . [The knee of a transfemoral prosthesis should not flex during any part of stance] True False None . [______ pertains to the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot.] ulnar varus volar dorsum None . [The adductors of the scapula include all but the:] Middle trapezius Rhomboids Latissimus dorsi Serratus anterior None . [Which is not true of the thoracic pad in a Milwaukee TLSO?] It is typically L shaped It is fitted on the convex side if the curve It is placed over the rib that articulates with the apical vertebrae and one rib superior For a patient with hypokyphosis the pad is directly lateral, instead of posterolateral None . [The pronator quadratus...] flexes elbow and pronates the forearm pronates the forearm flexes wrist and pronates forearm extends wrist and pronates forearm None . [With a disruption in the lower motor neuron, what kind of response would you expect...] kinetic response flaccid or hypotonic response spastic or hypertonic response all of the above none of the above. None . [Extensors of the hip include all of the following except] gluteus maximus semitendinosis gluteus medius bicep femoris None . [“My foot that’s not there anymore itches like crazy- I can’t stand it.” What’s being described is] Amputee pain Phantom pain Phantom sensation Residual limb pain None . [A patient presents with excessive tibial torsion. How should this be incorporated into a conventional double upright AFO?] Provide a lateral t-strap Externally rotate the shoe on the stirrup Deflect the sidebars Externally rotate the joints None . [The gelatinous center of a spinal disc is the:] Annulus fibrosis Conus Medullaris Articular Capsule Nucleus Pulposus None . [What is the function of friction in a prosthetic knee?] To counterbalance extension aid To add safety and stability Enables variable cadence None . [A volkmann's ischemic contracture is caused by] atrophy from disuse nerve damage compromised vascular flow None . [The most appropriate orthotic treatment for a patient with a T12 compression fracture is:] Thoracolumbar corset CTO Bivalve TLSO with reduced lordosis Anterior control hyperextension orthosis None . Please fill in the comment box below. Time's up
