Welcome to your Echo - CVT- Noninvasive Name Email 1. [A patient with a bileaflet mechanical aortic valve has shortness of breath on exertion. An echocardiogram revealed normal left ventricular systolic function and mitral valve function. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) dimension was 2.2 cm, LVOT (V1) velocity was 1.5 m/s, and aortic transvalvular velocity (V2) was 4.5 m/s, with no aortic regurgitation. Measurements obtained 2 years earlier when the patient was asymptomatic were LVOT diameter 2.2 cm, V1 0.9 m/s, and V2 2.7 m/s. Likely cause of this patient’s shortness of breath is:] Prosthetic valve stenosis Patient–prosthesis mismatch High cardiac output state, patient may be anemic None of the above None . 2. [This transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) image is obtained from the upper esophagus, and the aortic arch is shown on the top. The arrow points to: (fig )] Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Mitral valve Tricuspid valve None Comment . 3. [The Doppler signal is indicative of: (fig)] Significant mixed aortic valve disease Significant mixed mitral valve disease Significant mixed tricuspid valve disease Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy None Comment . 4. [The TEE image of the patient in 461 shows: (fig)] Severe MR 2+ MR Severe TR None of the above None Comment . 5. [The PML compared to the AML is:] Shorter Longer Same length as the anterior leaflet Of variable length None . 6. [Associations of atrial septal aneurysm include all of the following except:] Patent foramen ovale Atrial arrythmias Transient ischemic attacks D.Pulmonary hypertension None . 7. [The parasternal long-axis image of the mitral valve apparatus shows: (fig)] Mitral annular calcification Rheumatic mitral stenosis Systolic anterior motion Annuloplasty ring None Comment . 8. [The structure indicated by the arrow is: (fig)] Inferior vena cava (IVC)–RA junction Superior vena cava Anomalously draining right upper pulmonary vein Atrial septal defect None Comment . 9. [The pulmonary vein flow pattern is indicative of: (fig)] Volume depletion Atrial fibrillation Elevated LVEDP with normal left atrial (LA) pressure Elevated LVEDP with high LA pressure None Comment . 10. [The mitral flow pattern shown here is suggestive of: (fig)] Normal LA pressure High LA pressure Atrial mechanical failure Abnormal LV relaxation with normal LA pressure None Comment . 11. [Hemodynamic impact of a given volumetric severity of mitral regurgitation (MR) is increased by:] Nondilated left atrium Left ventricular hypertrophy Presence of concomitant aortic regurgitation All of the above None of the above None . 12. [If the density of a medium is 1000 kg/m3 and the propagation speed is 1540 m/s, the impedance is:] 1 540 000 rayls 770 000 rayls 3 080 000 rayls Cannot be determined None . 13. [The Nyquist limit can be increased by:] Increasing the PRF Reducing the PRF Neither None . 14. [This is a 27-year-old man with no prior medical history, presented with a threemonthhistory of abdominal distension and lower extremity edem Physical examination revealed severely elevated jugular venous pressure. He had normal left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) systolic functions. The most likely diagnosis is: (fig)] Superior mediastinum syndrome Constrictive pericarditis Restrictive cardiomyopathy Cirrhosis of the liver None Comment . 15. [This is a TEE image from the midesophagus of a late diastolic frame of the aortic valve. This patient is most likely to have: (fig)] Severe aortic regurgitation Severe aortic stenosis HOCM Ascending aortic dissection None Comment . 16. [This is an end systolic frame in a patient with shortness of breath. The most likelydiagnosis is: (fig)] Ebstein’s anomaly Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Atrial septal defect Dilated cardiomyopathy None Comment . 17. [What is the purpose of the depth or time gain compensation process adjusted by the echo cardiographer and performed in an ultrasound’s receiver?] Corrects for depth attenuation and makes the image uniformly bright Eliminates image artifacts Eliminates aliasing None of the above None . 18. [The flow obtained on TEE from descending thoracic aorta is indicative of: (fig)] Aortic coactation PDA Normal flow in intercostal artery Severe aortic regurgitation None Comment . 19. [A patient with MR has a transaortic flow of 70 cc/beat by the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) method and a transmitral flow of 112 cc/beat by the mitral annular method. The time velocity integral (TVI) of the MR signal by continuous wave Doppler is 60 cm. The effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) area of this patient is:] 1.5 cm2 0.7 cm2 0.4 cm2 0.2 cm2 None . 20. [The most common location of a left atrial thrombus is:] Left atrial appendage Body Atrial septum Atrial roof None . Time's upTime is Up!
