Welcome to your Echo - CVT- Noninvasive Name Email 1. [The Bernoulli equation is an example of:] Law of conservation of mass Law of conservation of energy Law of conservation of momentum None of the above None . 2. [An abnormal LV relaxation pattern is consistent with:] Mean LA pressure of 10mmHg and LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of 22mmHg Mean LA pressure of 22mmHg and LVEDP of 10mmHg Mean LA pressure of 10mmHg and LVEDP of 12mmHg Mean LA pressure of 28mmHg and LVEDP of 30mmHg Mean LA pressure of 28mmHg and LVEDP of 40mmHg None . 3. [This apical four-chamber view shows: (fig)] A pacemaker lead in the right ventricle (RV) A pacemaker lead in the coronary sinus Epicardial RV lead Artifact in the RV None Comment . 4. [The valve indicated by the arrow is: (fig)] Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Tricuspid valve Mirror image artifact of the aortic valve None Comment . 5. [A late peaking systolic velocity signal is found in which of the following conditions?] Mitral valve prolapse causing late systolic mitral regurgitation (MR) MR due to systolic anterior motion of the mitral leaflet LV cavity obliteration Acute severe MR None . 6. [The relationship between propagation speed, frequency, and wavelength is given by the formula:] Propagation speed = frequency × wavelength Propagation speed = wavelength/frequency Propagation speed = frequency/wavelength Propagation speed = wavelength × period None Comment . 7. [The following signal was obtained from the apical view in a 45-year-old man with a systolic murmur. What is the most likely origin of this signal?(fig)] Mitral valve prolapse with late systolic MR Rheumatic MR Hyperdynamic left ventricle with cavity obliteration Subaortic membrane None Comment . 8. [Which of the changes are least likely to occur in a patient with acute severe aortic regurgitation:] Reduction of A-wave amplitude Premature presystolic closure of the mitral valve Diastolic mitral regurgitation Increased amplitude and duration of pulmonary AR-wave A decrease in mitral Em-wave amplitude None . 9. [What is the abnormality in the accompanying image? (fig)] Congenital muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) Postinfarction posterior VSD Artifact of the normal posterior thinning at the valve plane Postmyectomy of HOCM None Comment . 10. [This is a suprasternal image of the aortic arch, suggestive of: (fig)] Coarctation of the aorta Severe aortic regurgitation (AR) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) None of the above None Comment . 11. [The M-mode from the above patient shows: (fig)] Normal M-mode through the heart Diastolic collapse of the right ventricle Pericardial thickening None Comment . 12. [This is a mid esophageal view from the patient in question 455. The most likelydiagnosis is: (fig)] Aortic rupture Dissection Artifact None of the above None Comment . 13. [In a patient undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis, there was evidence of moderate MR on a preoperative transthoracic echocardiogram. After the AVR, the next step to be taken is:] Replace the mitral valve Leave the mitral valve alone Assess for MR with intraoperative TEE, and decide if repair or replacement is needed None of the above None . 14. [In the figure, number “3” denotes: (fig)] Left atrium Right atrial appendage Inferior vena cava None of the above None Comment . 15. [A patient has mild mitral regurgitation and the time taken for mitral regurgitation velocity to drop from 3 m/s velocity to 1 m/s on continuous wave Doppler examination was 40 ms. The average rate of LV pressure decay in this patient is:] 3600mmHg/s 1280mm/s 800mm/s 400mm/s None . 16. [What type of flow was recorded from the mid-esophageal position? (fig)] Mitral flow Pulmonary vein flow Superior vena cava flow Flow across ASD None Comment . 17. [This signal shown here is likely to be caused by: (fig)] HOCM Critical valvular aortic stenosis Acute mitral regurgitation (MR) None of the above None Comment . 18. [Doing which of the following modifications to the Doppler processing will allow myocardial velocities to be recorded selectively compared with blood pool velocities?] A band pass filter that allows low velocities A band pass filter that allows high amplitude signals Both Neither None . 19. [Compared to timing of mitral E-wave peak, mitral annular Em peak is:] Earlier Later Simultaneous No relationship None . 20. [In an apical long-axis view the following mitral leaflet segments are seen:] A2P2 A3P3 A1P1 A3P1 None . Time's upTime is Up!
