Welcome to your Echo - CVT- Noninvasive Name Email 1. [The following are indicative of severe mitral regurgitation except:] Systolic flow reversal in the pulmonary veins Regurgitant fraction of >60% Effective regurgitant orifice area of ≥0.4 cm2 Vena contracta diameter of ≥3mm None . 2. [The simplified Bernoulli equation is inapplicable under the following circumstances:] Serial stenotic lesions Long, tubular lesions Both None of the above None . 3. [This 86-year-old patient has intractable heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation.The finding on the still image is suggestive of: (fig)] Left atrial thrombus Lipomatous atrial septum ASD closure device Side lobe artifact None Comment . 4. [This patient presented with shortness of breath and cyanosis. The most likelycause is: (fig)] Ventricular septal defect (VSD) with Eisenmenger’s Atrial septal defect (ASD) with Eisenmenger’s Tetralogy of Fallot Primary pulmonary hypertension None Comment . 5. [Ostium primum ASD is most commonly associated with:] Cleft in anterior mitral leaflet Cleft in septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve Patent ductus arteriosus Aortic stenosis None . 6. [Increase in LV end systolic wall stress is likely to reduce all of the following except:] Ejection fraction Fractional shortening Velocity of circumferential shortening LV positive dp/dt None . 7. [A 30-year-old female with a history of SLE was admitted with complaints of fever,malaise, chills, and shortness of breath. The still frame of parasternal long-axis image is suggestive of: (fig)] Libman-Sach’s endocarditis of the mitral valve Normal mitral valve Endocarditis of the aortic valve Cannot be determined None Comment . 8. [Increased respirophasic variations in transvalvular flows may occur in all of the following conditions except:] Status asthmaticus Constrictive pericarditis Cardiac tamponade A large RV infarct Hypovolemic shock None . 9. [Which of the following properties of a reflected wave is most important in the genesis of a two-dimensional image?] Amplitude Period Pulse repetition period Pulse duration None . 10. [The image shown here is suggestive of: (fig)] Mitral annuloplasty Catheter in the coronary artery Biventricular pacemaker or ICD An artifact None Comment . 11. [What is the abnormality shown here? (fig)] Thoracic aortic aneurysm Cor triatriatum Artifact Dilated left PA None Comment . 12. [If amplitude is doubled, intensity is:] Halved Quadrupled Remains the same Tripled None . 13. [The mitral valve opening pattern in this patient is suggestive of: (fig)] Mitral stenosis High left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) Atrial fibrillation Normal pattern None Comment . 14. [Image quality on an ultrasound scan is dark throughout? What is the first best step to take?] Increase output power Increase receiver gain Change to a higher frequency transducer Decrease receiver gain None . 15. [Bicuspid aortic valve may be associated with the following except:] Aortic root disease Coarctation of the aorta Aortic stenosis or regurgitation Ventricular septal defect None . 16. [The short axis image of this patient shows: (fig)] Posterior pericardial effusion Massive mitral annular calcification Calcified aortic valves None of the above None Comment . 17. [This flow was obtained from the LV outflow tract from the apical view using pulse wave Doppler. This patient is most likely to have: (fig)] Severe congestive heart failure Cardiac tamponade Constrictive pericarditis HOCM None Comment . 18. [The major diameter of the mitral annulus is best imaged from:] Apical two-chamber view Apical long axis view Apical five-chamber view Parasternal long axis view None . 19. [This transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) image is obtained from the upper esophagus, and the aortic arch is shown on the top. The arrow points to: (fig )] Pulmonary valve Aortic valve Mitral valve Tricuspid valve None Comment . 20. [Two identical structures appear on an ultrasound scan. One is real and the other is an artifact, the artifact being deeper than the real structure. What is this artifact called?] Shadowing Ghosting Speed error artifact Mirror image None . Time's upTime is Up!
