Echo – CVT- Noninvasive 03 Jan Welcome to your Echo - CVT- Noninvasive Name Email 1. [Intrapericardial pressure is increased in all of the following conditions except:] Cardiac tamponade Acute massive pulmonary embolism Acute traumatic rupture of tricuspid valve, causing acute tricuspid regurgitation Acute RV infarct Severe aortic stenosis with normal LV function None . 2. [In the following question the left ventricular size and ejection fraction were normal. Thepatient is likely to have: (fig)] Restrictive cardiomyopathy Congestive cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy None of the above None Comment . 3. [The abnormal finding in this image is: (fig)] Bicuspid aortic valve Aortic dissection flap Aortic aneurysm None of the above None Comment . 4. [What proportion of normal patients undergoing DSE may have a drop in their blood pressure:] Zero 20% 50% 89% None . 5. [A 42-year-old woman presented with complaints of shortness of breath. An echocardiogram was obtaine Dynamic images showed an LV ejection fraction of 50% with abnormal appearance of the apex. Filling pressures were high, valves were normal. She had normal electrocardiogram, comprehensive and complete blood count except an eosinophil count of 20%. The appearance of the LV apex is suggestive of: (fig)] LV apical thrombus LV noncompaction Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Endomyocardial fibrosis None Comment . 6. [The frame rate increases with:] Increasing the depth Reducing sector angle Increasing line density Adding color Doppler to B-mode imaging None . 7. [What happens to the PRF when imaging depth is increased?] Increases Decreases Does not change Effect is variable None . 8. [In the figure, number “2” is: (fig)] Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Pulmonary artery Aorta None Comment . 9. [Doppler shift is typically in:] Ultrasound range Infrasound range Audible range None . 10. [Aliasing occurs in this type of imaging:] Pulsed wave Doppler Continuous wave Doppler None of the above All of the above None . 11. [The pulmonary regurgitation signal shown here is indicative of (assuming rightatrial pressure of 15 mmHg): (fig)] Normal pulmonary artery (PA) pressure Mild pulmonary hypertension Moderate pulmonary hypertension None of the above None Comment . 12. [Increasing depth will change all of the following except:] Pulse duration Pulse repetition period Pulse repetition frequency Duty factor None . 13. [This image shows: (fig )] Large left pleural effusion Large pericardial effusion with no evidence of tamponade Large pericardial effusion with features of tamponade Mirror image artifact None Comment . 14. [In the accompanying image the structure indicated by the arrow is: (fig)] Right pulmonary artery (RPA) Left atrium Aortic arch Right upper pulmonary vein None Comment . 15. [The pulmonary vein flow pattern is indicative of: (fig)] Volume depletion Atrial fibrillation Elevated LVEDP with normal left atrial (LA) pressure Elevated LVEDP with high LA pressure None Comment . 16. [This patient has: (fig)] Pulmonary artery branch stenosis Pulmonary regurgitation Patent ductus arteriosus None of the above None Comment . 17. [In which situation can you not use the simplified Bernoulli equation to derive the pressure gradient?] Peak instantaneous gradient across a nonobstructed mitral valve Peak gradient across a severely stenotic aortic valve Mean gradient across a severely stenotic aortic valve Mean gradient across a stenotic tricuspid valve None . 18. [This patient is likely to have: (fig)] Apical HOCM Hypertensive heart disease Endomyocardial fibrosis None of the above None Comment . 19. [The patient shown is likely to have: (fig)] An early diastolic murmur Late peaking systolic ejection murmur with absence of A2 component of S2 Late peaking systolic murmur increased by Valsalva’s maneuver and normal A2 Middiastolic murmur None Comment . 20. [The mitral flow profile and mitral annular velocity in this patient are consistent with: (fig)] Symptomatic severe MR due to flail mitral valve in a 24-year-old with normal LV size and function Class III symptoms in a patient with dilated LV and EF of 30% Normal LV function with mild MR and class I symptoms Acute severe AR with LVEDP of 55mmHg None Comment . Time's upTime is Up!
